Economic Performance Analysis of the
研究生: 范青 Pham Thi Duy Thanh
越南海洋捕撈漁業屬於小型、多漁法、多漁具之經營方式，且並無船數限制。在政府鼓勵之下，漁撈能力不斷擴張，流網漁船比例超過30%，整體而言超過最大持續生產量且缺乏管控，因此，船隊漁撈能力之控制有其必要性。本研究目的在於檢視峴港流網漁業2010年之相關經濟指標，評估該船隊是否具有效益並且提供管理建議。
本研究於2011年四到七月進行，針對45艘流網漁船船主進行問卷調查。結果顯示峴港流網船隊的毛利與利潤分別為1,161.2及139.8 百萬越幣 (分別為60,796美元及7,319美元)。燃料以及船員薪資為變動成本之主要支出，分別占44%及26%。結果亦顯示大船(引擎馬力超過90)的經濟效益較小船(引擎馬力小於90)為佳。小船的年收益甚至為負值(-0.4%毛利)。
利用資料包絡法分析結果顯示，雖然峴港流網漁業2010年呈盈餘狀況，但其未使用漁撈能力達21%，整體船隊之技術無效率達10%。並有部分漁船在投入變數使用無效率。大船的油料、網片數、作業天數的過度使用率為7%、10%及3%。而小船則分別為7%、3%及7%。
本研究結果建議結論顯示過度漁撈能力可能是因為投入變數的技術使用率以及近期政策鼓勵所致。因此，本研究提出政策改善建議，包括限制漁船自由建造(限制船數以及漁場作業權利)、收購小型以及無效率漁船，檢討油料、貸款等補貼措施，以及執行新政策以控制漁船投入。
The marine capture fisheries in Vietnam are small scale, multi-species, multi-gear and open access regime. Under many incentives program from the government, the Vietnamese fishing fleet (of which the gillnet segment consists more than 30% in quantity) expand rapidly, beyond control. Therefore, manage the capacity of those fleets is necessary. The purpose of this study is to analysis economic performance in the year 2010 of the Da Nang gillnet fishery and provide management suggestions.
Data were obtained from 45 gillnetters in Da Nang city by questionnaire through a survey conducted from April to July 2011. The results showed that the gross revenue and profit of the total fleet were 1,161.2 miilion VND (60,795.8 USD) and 139.8 million VND (7,319 USD), respectively. Fuel and labor were main costs among operating expenses, consisting of 44% and 26%, respectively. The study also showed that the large vessel (engine 90 hp) group had better economic performance than the small vessel group (engine < 90 hp); particularly, the small vessel group showed a negative profit in the operating year (-0.4% gross revenue).
Through data envelopment analysis, results showed that though the Da Nang gillnet fishery operated profitably in the year 2010, yet they did not operate at full capacity since the unused capacity and the technical inefficiency were about 21% and 10%, respectively. In addition, there was less fishing vessels operated efficiently since they overused or used inefficiently variable inputs. The over-use of fuel, net sheets, and days at sea in the large vessel group were 7%, 10%, and 3%, respectively; whereas these ratio in the small ones were 7%, 3%, and 7%, respectively.
It was suggested that overcapacity may be decomposed into a part resulting from technically optimal use of inputs, a part resulting from enhancing the current policies; hence, the study proposed some policy implications to the fisheries managers. These feasible policies may include restricting access control (limited entry and territorial use right), implementing buyback (to small vessels and unprofitable vessels), reviewing subsidies programs (fuel, loans), as well as implementing new regulations to control vessels’ input uses.
